From 39:34 to 40:58, John is asking about the source of the Black-White difference in violence perpetration. I suggest looking at "Neighborhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black-White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model" by McNulty, Bellair, and Watts (2012).
They conclude, "This article integrates an individual difference approach that emphasizes variation in verbal ability with a sociological approach that highlights neighborhood disadvantage, both of which are relevant to explanation of the race difference in violence. Black children are far more likely than their White counterparts to grow up in neighborhoods featuring high rates of structural disadvantage [high poverty, unemployment, and female-headed households], which has repercussions for the acquisition of verbal skills that are crucial for achievement in school and the labor market. Our results show that low verbal ability and diminished school attainment are criminogenic risk factors that are in part outcomes of exposure to neighborhood disadvantage. Verbal ability partly mediates the effect of disadvantage at the neighborhood level and in turn provides a succinct explanation for the racial disparity in violence. Although sociological variables also explain the race disparity, verbal ability in conjunction with neighborhood disadvantage reduces the Black–White gap in violence to zero and is thus part of the explanation" (pp. 14-16).
From 39:34 to 40:58, John is asking about the source of the Black-White difference in violence perpetration. I suggest looking at "Neighborhood Disadvantage and Verbal Ability as Explanations of the Black-White Difference in Adolescent Violence: Toward an Integrated Model" by McNulty, Bellair, and Watts (2012).
They conclude, "This article integrates an individual difference approach that emphasizes variation in verbal ability with a sociological approach that highlights neighborhood disadvantage, both of which are relevant to explanation of the race difference in violence. Black children are far more likely than their White counterparts to grow up in neighborhoods featuring high rates of structural disadvantage [high poverty, unemployment, and female-headed households], which has repercussions for the acquisition of verbal skills that are crucial for achievement in school and the labor market. Our results show that low verbal ability and diminished school attainment are criminogenic risk factors that are in part outcomes of exposure to neighborhood disadvantage. Verbal ability partly mediates the effect of disadvantage at the neighborhood level and in turn provides a succinct explanation for the racial disparity in violence. Although sociological variables also explain the race disparity, verbal ability in conjunction with neighborhood disadvantage reduces the Black–White gap in violence to zero and is thus part of the explanation" (pp. 14-16).